๐40 pin chips available in different packages.
๐It has four eight bit I/O ports.
๐Each port except P1 can be used for two different function.
๐All functions may not be used together.
๐To access the pin either we have to give the instruction or physically connect it.
๐It has effectively 66 pins (40 normal pins +24 alternate function of the port + 2 for programing).
✏️Vcc POWER SUPPLY INPUT PIN
๐The 8051 operates at DC power supply of +5V with respect to ground.
๐The +5V is to be connected to pin 40 (Vcc).
๐Variation of 10% to 20% in Vcc value is allowed depending on 8051 variant.
GND:GROUND
๐Pin 20 is ground.
๐The supply is connected with respect to the ground.
XTAL1 and XTAL2: Oscillator pins
๐The 8051 has an internal oscillator circuit.
๐It generates the clock pulse which synchronizes all internal operations.
๐To make complete oscillator external resonant circuit is connected.
๐Normally quartz and capacitors are connected.
๐Microcontroller works at crystal frequency.
๐The maximum speed refers to maximum crystal frequency that can be connected to XTAL.
๐The minimum speed indicates that the minimum speed required in the operation otherwise data will be lost.
๐We can use external oscillator for this signal is connected to XTAL1 and XTAL2 left free.
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