✏️Reportedly, the plan has been approved and forwarded by the Rajasthan state government to the central wildlife board; in all likelihood, the project will get going by next week. The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has given the work to an infrastructure major, and an agreement on the same will be signed soon.
✏️Reports also state that the NHAI is also keen to develop bridges and project them as a sustainable model of development and for mitigation of the wildlife-traffic conflict.
📝Ranthambore National Park
✏️Ranthambore national Park is located in Rajasthan. In 1973, National Park was declared one of the Project Tiger reserves. The National Park hosts deciduous forests and wildlife such as Indian Leopard, Bengal Tiger, wild boar, sloth bear, mugger crocodile, etc. Ranthambore National park is bounded by Chambal river in the south and Banas river in the north.
📝Criteria to create a National Park
✏️A National Park can be created by both central and state govts. However, alteration in boundaries shall be made only through resolution passed by State Legislature. No human activities are permitted in the national park.
✏️In India, the National Parks are IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Category II protected areas. In 1936, first National Park established in India was the Hailey National Park.
✏️The species that are included in Schedule of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 are also not allowed for capturing or hunting in national parks.
📝What are ‘Wildlife crossings’?
✏️Wildlife crossings are a practice in habitat conservation, allowing connections or reconnections between combating habitat fragmentation. Wildlife crossings are structures that allow habitats, animals cross humanmade barriers safely. Wildlife crossings started as an to infrastructure solution to ensure safety of passage to wild animals by European countries such as the Netherlands, Germany, and France in 1950s.
📝Causes of Habitat fragmentation
✏️Habitat fragmentation as roads, occurs when human railway lines, canals,made barriers such electric power lines, pipelines penetrate and divide wildlife habitat.
📝Different types of structures
👉Underpass tunnels
👉wildlife tunnels via ducts
👉overpasses or green bridges
👉Culverts
👉Canopy bridge
📝Benefits
✏️Avoiding collisions between vehicles and animals Collisions kill or injure wildlife and may cause injury to humans and property damage.
✏️Species that are unable to migrate across roads to reach resources such as food, shelter and mates will experience reduced reproductive and survival rates.
✏️Road kill threat can be devastating to small, shrinking, or threatened populations.
📝Pench Animal underpasses
✏️Along a 16.1 km length of the NH 44 passing through forests adjoining the Pench Tiger Reserve and intersecting the Pench Navegaon Nagzira tiger corridor, nine animal crossing structures were constructed.
✏️These corridors have been fitted with CCTV cameras to monitor the movement of animals.
✏️The new Expressway is conceived as a 1,320 km Greenfield project with an estimated cost of around Rs 90,000 crore.
✏️While at present, it takes 24 hours to travel from Mumbai to Delhi via the National Highway 8, this new expressway is expected to cut short the travel time to just 13 hours.
✏️These have been planned to ensure there are no disturbances to the Ranthambore connecting Ranthambhore and Wildlife Corridor Mukundra (Darrah) sanctuaries in Rajasthan, wildlife The passages will be developed as part of a forest corridor with trees so that animals find it natural.
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